Once the capital of the Siamese kingdom, Ayutthaya is today a thriving tourist destination easily reached in a day or longer from Bangkok. A vast open-air museum showcasing palaces, temples, monasteries and towering Buddha statues, Ayutthaya draws visitors deep into Thailand's history. Its rich cultural heritage earned it a coveted place on UNESCO's World Heritage list.

The History of Ayutthaya Province

Ayutthaya takes its name from an Indian city called Ayodhya, once ruled by Rāma. The word derives from Sanskrit, meaning "unconquerable."

The city was founded in 1350 and became the second capital of the Siamese kingdom after Sukhothai. It sprawled across more than 289 hectares. To fortify it, the settlement was built on an island surrounded by the waters of the Chao Phraya River and the Pa Sak River.

Ayutthaya flourished between the 14th and 18th centuries. During its heyday, the city was home to nearly a million inhabitants. Its strategic position protected it from seasonal flooding. It ranked among the world's largest and most cosmopolitan settlements of its time. The city was even regarded as a global center of diplomacy and trade, facilitating commercial exchanges between East and West.

Burmese Attacks on Ayutthaya

Ayutthaya first came under assault from the military forces of Burmese king Bayinnaung in 1569. Later, in 1767, forces led by king Hsinbyushin of the Konbaung dynasty invaded and nearly obliterated the city. Residents fled, leaving behind ruins—mostly unrestored temples that would eventually form the Ayutthaya Historical Park. These archaeological remains stand as haunting reminders of the city's former glory.

What to Do in Ayutthaya?

Located 70 km north of Bangkok, Ayutthaya is often visited for a single day to discover its past and cultural riches. Yet spending at least two days allows you to absorb the city's mysterious atmosphere and uncover additional treasures.

Wander on foot, bicycle, or tuk-tuk through the city, exploring its vestiges. Each temple tells its own story, and no two are alike.

Visit Wat Yai Chai Mongkohn Temple

Built in the late 16th century to commemorate king Naresuan's victory over a Burmese prince in single combat, its name translates to "the great monastery of victory." It stands out for its towering chedi, rising over 60 meters high and guarded by two colossal Buddha statues. Along the pathway, you'll encounter numerous Buddha statues in reverent alignment.

Entry costs 20 baht, with hours from 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM.

Head to Wat Lokayasutharam

This temple attracts visitors for its famous reclining Buddha. The statue stretches nearly 37 meters long and stands about 8 meters tall, its head resting on a lotus flower. This is a renovated version dating from 1950. Thai devotees regularly visit to pray and leave offerings.

Entry: Free

A Visit to Wat Mahathat

This is Ayutthaya's most celebrated temple and the most visited site. It's renowned for its iconic Buddha head entwined in tree roots. Construction began in 1374 under king Boromma Rachathirat I. Like other Ayutthaya temples, it houses a central chedi, though now in ruins. You'll also see decapitated Buddha statues scattered throughout.

Entry fee: 50 baht

Discover Wat Phra Sri Sanphet

Wat Phra Si Sanphet is arguably Ayutthaya's most impressive temple, crowned by three grand central chedis. Built in the 15th century under king Borom Traï Lokanat, it was later enhanced by his successors, notably Ramathibodi II. In the early 16th century, the latter commissioned a gold-plated Buddha image called "Phra Si Sanphet," lending the temple its name.

Entry fee: 50 baht

Linger at Wat Chai Wattanaram

This Khmer-style temple sits beyond the island containing Ayutthaya's city ruins. Located on the western bank of the Chao Phraya, it was erected in 1630 during king Prasat Thong's reign. A central chedi is surrounded by eight smaller chedis. Built to honor the late mother of the king, Wat Chai Wattanaram represents a touching tribute.

Entry fee: 50 baht

Explore Bang Pa In Royal Palace

The palace is distinguished by an artificial lake housing the Phra Thinang Aisawan Thippa-at pavilion, a masterpiece of Thai architecture. A life-size statue of king Rama V is also on display.

During your tour, explore several points of interest, including the Buddhist Wat Nivet Thammaprawat temple. Inside the royal residence, you'll encounter objects and photographs documenting pivotal historical events. Continue to the Ho Withun Thasana, the Royal Observatory tower.

Allow yourself to be enchanted by the variety of structures, whose unique architectural styles harmoniously blend into an aesthetically unified whole.

Shop at Ayutthaya's Floating Market

Beyond temple exploration, a visit to Ayutthaya is incomplete without a stop at its floating market. Open daily from 9 AM to 6 PM, it draws larger crowds on weekends. Visitors come to sample authentic Thai dishes cooked in longtail boats and browse souvenirs.

Temple Etiquette in Thailand

• Observe silence
• Dress respectfully (no shorts, miniskirts, tank tops, or swimwear)
• Remove shoes when entering temple buildings
• Never point your feet toward a Buddha statue (considered an impure body part)
• Do not climb on ancient monuments
• Do not sit on platforms reserved for monks
• Do not smoke
• Avoid public displays of affection (kissing, hugging, etc.)

How to Reach Ayutthaya from Bangkok?

By Train

Train travel to Ayutthaya is both popular and economical.

For less than 50 baht round-trip, admire Thai countryside views and connect with locals.

Depart from Hua Lamphong Station in Bangkok (accessible by metro). The journey takes 2 to 2.5 hours.

By Boat

If you prefer water travel and seek a relaxing, romantic option, a boat is an excellent choice.

By Minivan

Minivans depart from Mo Chit Station in northern Bangkok, costing 60 to 90 baht for a one-way ticket.

Expect approximately 1.5 hours to the final stop, Naresuan Alley, near Wat Mahathat.

By Taxi

Taxis are faster but pricier, at around 1,000 baht one-way.

Direct travel from Bangkok to Ayutthaya takes just one hour.

How to Explore Ayutthaya?

Navigate Ayutthaya by bicycle, tuk-tuk, scooter, or electric bus.

By Bicycle

This is likely the most practical way to explore Ayutthaya. It's affordable (around 50 baht), lets you set your own pace, and you'll truly savor the surroundings. The rental agent will request identification and provide a lock for security.

By Tuk-tuk

This iconic transport is available for daily rental at approximately 1,200 baht. Hourly rates run about 200 baht. The driver will wait throughout your visit.

By Scooter

Scooter rentals in Ayutthaya cost roughly 300 baht per day.